Thread: Germanium Resistors

thats germanium transistors, not resistors.

there are lots of different fuzz pedals available, what tone are you after?

Cheers,
Greg

There are also germanium diodes, used for producing distortion.

"Best" fuzz? Doesn't exist, really. It's a bit like asking what the "best" EQ setting is. You'd be surprised how many seemingly plain pedals can produce some very pleasing sounds when pushed just the right way or listened to via just the right setup. I must have about 40 different fuzzes and distortions, and they all sound wonderful at one time or another. Sometimes they all sound like one another, and sometimes they all sound different from each other.

So Greg's question is the right one: What tone are you after?

Originally Posted by mhammer

There are also germanium diodes, used for producing distortion.

"Best" fuzz? Doesn't exist, really. It's a bit like asking what the "best" EQ setting is. You'd be surprised how many seemingly plain pedals can produce some very pleasing sounds when pushed just the right way or listened to via just the right setup. I must have about 40 different fuzzes and distortions, and they all sound wonderful at one time or another. Sometimes they all sound like one another, and sometimes they all sound different from each other.

So Greg's question is the right one: What tone are you after?

Yeah, that's why I put best in quotations. I realized poking around on the net afterward, that it was a transistor, not resistor. I don't really know about this "Germanium" stuff. It came up the other day, when talking to a buddy about fuzzes. He loves them and has a few of them. The ones that he described as having germanium transistors seemed sweeter to me. Are these transistors special? Most fuzzes I've tried sound raspy, hard to manage and a little squealy in the higher notes. I guess what I liked most about them was the violin-like sustain. As far as dirt goes it's not really my thing. Maybe I should just take this Germanium stuff as a health supplement, and let it work it's way into my tone that way.

http://www.germanium.net/intro02.php

Shawn

XD

The difference is about 0.5 volts.

What you are looking at when you look at diodes and transistors are bi-metal devices. Two metals. What makes these metal combinations special is that they only let you move energy through them in one direction (generally speaking).

But you still have chemistry happening. It may all be solid, but it is still chemicals. Changing the state a chemical is in always involves some form of energy change. Like freezing water for ice takes energy out, or lighting a match moved a lot of energy out.

Moving the electrical energy through a diode or a transistor also takes energy. It gets that energy from the electrical energy being moved. In other words it doesn't work by being heated up, or chilled or such, it uses the electricity fed through it to work.

For silicon diodes and transistors, that energy is about 0.8 volts.

For germanium diodes and transistors that energy is about 0.3 volts.

There is a LOT more to it that this of course, but this is the 10 cent intro you would get in high school electronics class when they introduce diodes and transistors.

The difference is about 0.5 volts, and to some peoples ears and in some playing situations or using 'hot' vs 'not' pickups etc that difference can be a lot.

Early solid state devices used germanium to dope the junctions but they were prone to premature failure. Silicon produced a more reliable product, so the manufacturers switched.

As Keeper explained, because of their different characteristics of conductivity, they turn on at different voltage thresholds. So they sound different.

And that's why we get to pay $700 for an original TS-9 on E-Bay.

I used to have a Fuzz Face Clone I made from plans I found online somewhere (can't remember where) and I really liked it. I took some advice from somewhere and added a bias pot, which really changed the sound. I could go from a tight and slightly sharp distortion to a nice loose "farty" sound (great when you plugged in a bass). Sometimes I miss that pedal. BTW, Jimi used a Fuzz Face a lot, if that helps.

Originally Posted by Fader

Early solid state devices used germanium to dope the junctions but they were prone to premature failure. Silicon produced a more reliable product, so the manufacturers switched.

As Keeper explained, because of their different characteristics of conductivity, they turn on at different voltage thresholds. So they sound different.

And that's why we get to pay $700 for an original TS-9 on E-Bay.

Originally Posted by doftya

I used to have a Fuzz Face Clone I made from plans I found online somewhere (can't remember where) and I really liked it. I took some advice from somewhere and added a bias pot, which really changed the sound. I could go from a tight and slightly sharp distortion to a nice loose "farty" sound (great when you plugged in a bass). Sometimes I miss that pedal. BTW, Jimi used a Fuzz Face a lot, if that helps.

Yes, silicon is miles ahead of germanium in terms of quality. Where germanium is never bang on, often hit or miss, silicon is regular and predictable. Also, germanium is more sensitive to things, heat and vibration and static, and can be easily damaged or its operating characteristics can simply go "off".

Which is also why those old germanium pedals are worth it too, even Jimmie's. There is a lot written on this, but germanium transistors were inconsistent to the point only a few pedals would sound good, fewer sounded great. What has made it through time are those that sounded better than good to great. You pay for all the chaff that has been lost and tossed to time.

Lots of people use the term "fuzz" for things that are definitely not fuzz. Big Muffs for instance.

To me a fuzz is a Fuzz Face. It's a dead simple circuit with two transistors, three or four resistors and a couple of capacitors. Put simply, it produces distortion by cascading gain stages. The first transistor pushes the signal up high enough that the second transistor can't handle it which causes it to clip. It's not really that simple, there are some extra interactions between the two transistors which affect the sound. With a high input signal, a fuzz gives a huge amount of compression as well.

The other thing about a real fuzz circuit is that there is no input buffer. Because of this you have to consider the electronics inside the guitar as part of the circuit. This is one of the reasons that a FF should always go first if you are using multiple stompboxes. Also because of this, rolling back the volume on the guitar will have a massive effect on how the fuzz circuit behaves. The circuit is so simple that the inherent capacitance of the battery will affect the sound. This is why alkaline batteries sound different from regular batteries and wall warts almost always sound like ass with a fuzz. Slightly dead batteries sound better according to some people, too.

By all normal standards, germanium transistors are total crap. They leak current like crazy, quality varies widely, they change characteristics when the temperature changes, they have a lousy slew rate (how fast they respond to changing input signals) and they have stupid low gain. Once silicon transistors were available, production of germanium transistors stopped.

In a fuzz circuit, the crappy slew rate and low gain are wonderful. It gives a gentle distortion with soft edges to it. Fuzz circuits with silicon transistors almost always sound harsh and buzzy.

In my opinion the best way to use a fuzz is with the amp dialed in to give little bit of crunch and the volume on the guitar dialed back to about 7. The result is amazingly touch responsive and gives a great bluesy sound that breaks up as you dig in a bit.

In my opinion, paying $200 for a modern Fuzz Face clone, even with hand pick NOS germanium transistors, is a total rip off. Even today, the transistors still only cost $15-20 for a pair, and the rest of the component costs are negligible. The circuit was perfected 40 years ago, so there's no innovation involved, and the only trick is that you need to fiddle the resistor values a little bit to match the values of the transistors (which vary widely for transistor to transistor).